![]() The British had many advantages in the war, including a large, well-trained army and navy and many Loyalists who supported the British Empire. Before the colonies gained independence, they had to fight a long and bitter war. Tensions increased further after Parliament passed the Coercive Acts and the First Continental Congress took the first steps toward independence from Britain. The most serious problem was the need for money to support the empire.Īttempts through the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts to raise money rather than control trade met with growing resistance in the colonies. Britain’s land policy prohibiting settlement in the West irritated colonists as did the arrival of British troops. Once harmonious relations between Britain and the colonies became increasingly conflict-riven. The roots of the American Revolution can be traced to the year 1763 when British leaders began to tighten imperial reins. Finally, you will learn why the Americans emerged victorious in the Revolution. This chapter will discuss the composition of the British and American military forces the Revolution's implications for the institution of slavery and the role of the French, Spanish, Dutch, and Native Americans in the colonists' struggle for independence. In addition, you will learn why many colonists hesitated before declaring independence and how the Declaration of Independence summarized colonial grievances and provided a vision of a future independent American republic. You will also learn about the series of events, including the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the Coercive Acts, that ruptured relations between Britain and its American colonies. You will also read about the emerging patterns of resistance in the colonies, including petitions, pamphlets, intimidation, boycotts, and intercolonial meetings. You will read about the problems created by the Seven Years' War, and British efforts to suppress American smuggling, to prevent warfare with Indians, and to pay the cost of stationing troops in the colonies. This section examines the causes, fighting, and consequences of the American Revolution. It marked the first time in history that a people fought for their independence in the name of certain universal principles such as rule of law, constitutional rights, and popular sovereignty. Much more than a revolt against British taxes and trade regulations, the American Revolution was the first modern revolution.
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